Yamaki’s experimental results have shown that after primary buckling, secondary buckling occurs accompanied by successive reductions in the number of circumferential waves at every path jumping. The analytical study accomplished a fully automatic and seamless simulation in the deep post-buckling region.
The initial buckle became the source of the successive buckles. Many similar buckles were added around the initial buckle and spread circumferentially. However, the number of waves rapidly decreased in both the circumferential and axial directions and then reached the stable post-buckling path.